Betrayal and Manipulation in the Accidental Billionaires Essay Example for Free

Betrayal and Manipulation in the Accidental Billionaires Essay In the Accidental Billionaires, the motif of manipulation and betrayal is prevalent. Mark Zuckerburg is the prime embodiment of manipulation and betrayal throughout the course of the work. Another character also attributed with such qualities is Sean Parker. Mark and Sean are similar in this aspect; manipulating their own world to achieve their goals. In the first few chapters of the book, the reader is introduced to the Winklevoss twins. The twins turn to Mark to aid them in their social networking idea, the HarvardConnection. After trusting Mark with their program, Mark begins to manipulate the idea into his own. In a very subtle way, Mark delays the twins in time to sire his own program. This action reveals to the reader that Mark is a lone wolf. Mark, told to us in the book, is not interested in money. For example, â€Å"†¦Microsoft had offered Mark between one and two million dollars to go to work for them-and amazingly, Mark had turned them down† (Mezrich 15). This action should be noted as the aspect of working alone seems to be, to Mark, the most efficient way to achieve fame. Mark is highly influenced by Bill Gates, a man who rose out of the very same school Mark attends and manipulated his way throughout his pursuits of Microsoft, and in Mark’s point of view, individual. With his displeasing physique and social incompetence, it is easy to see why people underestimate Mark and are taken advantage of. Another character to note is Sean Parker. Sean Parker is a foil to the protagonist, Mark. Mark pairs up with Sean after he launches ‘thefacebook’. Sean has a history of manipulating his way through major companies with the agenda of getting rich only, quite the opposite of Mark. Sean is extremely energetic, whereas Mark seems to be lazy as represented by his lack variety in his attire- flipflops, jeans, etc. Sean, however, was betrayed by those companies he used to work for, but, ironically, he pursues yet another company that betrays him in the end. Betrayal, through manipulation, is in the subtitle of the book, â€Å"A tale of sex, money, genius, and betrayal. † Betrayal is mentioned last in this climax because that is to show the most important motif and a symbol of the book’s overall structure- It goes from Eduardo and Mark seeking attention to ‘get laid’, then pursue money with genius innovation of modern social networking, and finally, Mark’s betrayal is concluded when he removes Eduardo and Sean from his life because they threatened his brainchild, Facebook. The motif of betrayal is very subtle to the reader. Even after reading the subtitle that Mezrich so blatantly states before the beginning chapter, I was manipulated into completely forgetting about betrayal and instead was focused on the pursuit to fame. Even the title fools the reader in stating the plural form of billionaire, but only one billionaire is spawned at the conclusion of the book. Just as the twins, Eduardo, and Sean, Mark’s real agenda was cloaked to me, until it finally dawned in the closing chapters.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Expansion Politics Essay

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Expansion Politics Essay This paper will examine North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Expansionlooking at the real benefit of NATO growing. Does it provide leverage that shapes the political and economic development of European countries where democracy and free markets are not yet taken for granted or still growing? As discussed in our regional studies elective on Europe NS 2206, in order to win a NATO membership, the candidate countries must agreed to long agendas of reforms, ranging from ensuring free press and fair elections to protecting minorities and acting against drug trafficking and corruption. Currently NATO is comprised of twenty-eight members, with additional candidates awaiting approval (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro). NATO had twelve founding member nation they were the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, France, Iceland, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Norway. Although membership in to NATO is rather difficult to achieve, NATO has added new members through six expansions since its founding in 1949. Throughout NATOs history it has established different programs with the intent to create greater regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors. These programs include the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative, and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. From these programs NATO has established relationships that have led to new NATO members. With the collapse of communism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, NATO has experienced something of an identity crisis. NATO was originally conceived as a military alliance to deter Soviet expansion into Western Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of the Soviet Union forced NATO to reassess its once clear objective. A former Supreme Allied Commander Europe General Joseph Ralston once said that, For most of NATOs history the strategic problem was easily defined: we could predict where we might fight and under what conditions.But today we have a much different problem. We do not know who the enemy might be, and we do not know where we will fight.  [i]  As the political and military circumstances changed in Europe, many member nations believed that NATO should adapt and reflect these changes. In 1995, the NATO Alliance published the results of a Study on NATO Enlargement that considered the merits of admitting new members and how they should be brought in.  [ii]  It concluded that the end of the Cold War provided a unique opportunity to build improved security in the entire Euro-Atlantic area and that NATO enlargement would contribute to enhanced stability and security for all.  [iii]  The Study further concluded that enlargement would contribute to enhanced stability and security for all countries in the Euro-Atlantic area by encouraging and supporting democratic reforms, including the establishment of civilian and democratic control over military forces; fostering patterns and habits of cooperation, consultation, and consensus-building characteristic of relations among members of the Alliance; and promoting good-neighborly relations.  [iv]  The Study also concluded that enlargement would strengthen the Alliances ability to contribute to European and internat ional security, strengthen, and broaden the transatlantic partnership.  [v]   In 1997, the United States Clinton Administration led efforts to invite three former Eastern bloc communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland to join NATO. Since their invitation in 1997, there have been a number of further invitations for membership to newly democratized states seeking membership into one of the greatest military alliances in the world. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the desire to become a member of NATO spread rapidly both into the Baltic and seven East European countries and they lobbied for NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009. This pushed NATOs boundaries further east than they had ever imagined. In November 2010, NATO members adopted a new Strategic Concept at the Lisbon Summit. They reaffirmed the Alliances commitment to keep NATOs door open to any European country in a position to undertake the commitments and obligations of membership, and contribute to security in the Euro-Atlantic area.  [vi]   This NATO expansion is accomplished by each new potential member nation through a Membership Action Plan (MAP) mechanism. This is a procedure where the current members review new members formal applications. The mechanism was approved in the 1999 Washington summit. A nations participation in MAP entails the annual presentation of reports concerning its progress on five different measures: (1) willingness to settle international, ethnic or external territorial disputes by peaceful means, commitment to the rule of law and human rights, and democratic control of armed forces; (2) ability to contribute to the organizations defense and missions; (3) devotion of sufficient resources to armed forces to be able to meet the commitments of membership; (4) security of sensitive information, and safeguards ensuring it; and (5) compatibility of domestic legislation with NATO cooperation.  [vii]   The question of NATO enlargement has not been made without it debate by its member nations. They have debated the arguments for and against expansion. An expanded NATO, they argue, may provide the military security and political integration necessary to aid the development of these young democracies.  [viii]  Furthermore, these experts contend that enlargement will help secure a more stable and peaceful future for Europe, which is crucial for U.S. interests.  [ix]  Critics of expansion contend that enlarging NATO risks diluting both its military effectiveness and capabilities. They argue that the new alliance will lack the cohesion and clearly defined purpose that made NATO in its previous incarnation the most successful military alliance of modern times.  [x]  Opponents of expansion also insist that the economic price of enlargement far outweighs its benefits. Furthermore, these experts fear that an enlarged NATO threatens to divide the world into coalitions, not to ment ion the very real possibility of isolating Russia and fanning the flames of the hard-line forces that still threaten Russias democratic development.  [xi]   The six large expansions have made NATO change policies and organizational structure in order to accommodate the newly added states. Some members nations as well as members of the United States Congress have asked what will further expansion cost; who will pay for the costs; is it necessary; how should enlargement be conducted; what is an expanded NATOs purpose? Mr. Sarwar A. Kashmeri tries to answer these questions in his new book NATO 2.0: Reboot or Delete? He provides some insights stating, America has underwritten the security of Europe for over sixty years. It is not a state of affairs that I believe the increasingly pressured American taxpayer will look upon favorably any more. Especially considering that the European Unions gross domestic product now exceeds Americas and the combined defense budget of the Member States of the European Union of around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200 billion (over $300 billion) is not appreciably smaller than Americas defense budget after removing the expe nses of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and subtracting the expenses of Americas world-wide responsibilities, a global role that Europeans seem to have no desire to underwrite or assume.  [xii]   These costs are in effect a return on NATOs investment in these new member countries. The NATO alliances enlargement has promoted stability in Europe by providing a secure environment for new members for further consolidation of democracy and open markets. The progress made in a few years by the latest members to NATO such as Albania and Croatia have been impressive and deserves reward. These countries spent more than eight years in rigorous preparation for NATO membership. Today, Croatia has the most impressive economic performance, and real estate prices, of any country in southern Europe.  [xiii]  In recent years, Albania has contributed more soldiers to missions in Iraq, Afghanistan and international peacekeeping than most NATO allies.  [xiv]  These new members have made the trans-Atlantic alliance stronger. Philip H. Gordon, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at Brooking Institute, said it best in his statement to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 11, 2008 when he stated, that NATO enlargement has contributed to security and prosperity in Europe. The incentive of NATO membership has led aspiring countries to reform their political systems, liberalize their economies, root out corruption, resolve territorial disputes with neighbors, rationalize their military establishments, and improve minority rights. Once in the alliance new members have contributed troops for vital NATO missions in the Balkans and in Afghanistan and many sent forces to join the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq. In turn, NATO membership has reassured their populations of political and military solidarity with the United States and members of the European Union, enabling them to focus on improving the well-being of their citizens rather than worrying about the types of military threats they had lived with fo r centuries.  [xv]  

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis Abstract: Enterprise Collaboration Tool is rethinking how technology can help companies manage customer relationships. ECT, the market leading CRM application, delivers a feature-rich set of business processes that enhance marketing effectiveness, drive sales performance, improve customer satisfaction and provide executive insight into business performance. Supported by deep collaboration and administration capabilities that adapt to how your company operates, ECT is delighting customers of all sizes across a broad range of industries. Enterprise Collaboration Tool is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework. It features a scheduler, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Objective Effective planning and scheduling of time bound work and monitoring the work done by the employees and effective use of online system to communicate and collaborate with the members of other centers of a decentralized organization. Scope System with adaptability to any organization to monitor the work done by people with respect to time and also assigning work. Features Captures daily work done by employees Provides communication module. Summary reports on work done by employees. Attendance report based on the entered work details. Online work log entry and work assignment. Address book to store the contact numbers and personal info Scheduler to keep mark notes on a particular day. Feedback, which ensures the management to look up the comments by the employee. Uploading and downloading facility Information about all the existing branches of the organization. The newsletters regarding the day-to-day affairs of the organization. The proposed Enterprise Collaboration Tool consists of a login screen from which the users and administrator could logon in to the system. In this System, the users are given different roles. Each role is associated with some services. The various roles are administrator employee, programmers etc. Admin is the head of all branches and is responsible for user management and branch administration. The Enterprise Collaboration Tool process starts with the creation of users and mapping their roles from the administrator login. The system will maintain the check-in time and checkout time daily and will allow the users to enter their worklog daily and has a provision to enter the yesterdays worklog details also (exemption given to enter backlogs of previous day). Company Profile: Verza Soft is quickly emerging as an innovative and essential business software applications development resource. Since 1985, Verza Soft has provided custom design, implementation and support solutions to a variety of information management industries and business environments. Experienced and intuitive, the professionals at Verza Soft understand how fast technologies change and we remain committed to solving the unique information management application challenges of todays business world while developing and evolving strategies for tomorrows. With over twenty combined years of professional software development experience, the principals at Verza Soft are business applications authorities. As specialists, weve learned to anticipate individual client application needs and design software suites to complement virtually every hardware technology. We offer 24-hour customer service and employ a qualified team of trainers, technicians and creative designers who assist in developing the comprehensive, user-friendly software programs that distinguish Verza Soft as the perfect answer to the often puzzling questions inherent in contemporary information management technologies. Weve been working on an offshore development model from day 1 and have perfected the process of onsite-offshore interaction over the past seven years. Our services are highly cost effective enabling our clients to get the best value for their money Working primarily within Sun family of productsto combine expert use of hardware technology and state-of-the-art software, Verza Soft is ware its at! From software programming and applications development including custom Internet integration to system architecture and technical design, through continuous support solutions, Verza Soft pieces together todays information management puzzle to create optimal, full integrated, interactive packages that best meet global business demands. Working one-on-one, we can develop innovative applications that not only satisfy your specific business requirements, but also complement your companys investment in essential information management technologies. Were dedicated to making you look good custom design ware by Verza Soft its the solution that fits! Verza Soft understands the significance of a good quality assurance (QA) process for creating world-class products. With hundreds of person-years of experience in the field of testing, it has expertise in the development and execution of tests for applications in the client/server, internet/web and the mobile space, using both automated and manual methodologies. Functional testing verifies whether a product/application performs as per specifications System Analysis: Existing System Here the existing system is nothing but a manual system using which the administrator task from the main branch becomes more complex to prepare schedules for all the employees working in different branches and sent them manually and tracking their status. Generating the different reports by co-relating different things is a tedious process. In this system the sub center individually manually maintains their database regarding employees daily work log, scheduled work, progress of work, attendance, leaves, payments etc.. and sends reports to the main centre through email attachments or by post. Unless and until the main centre manager receives reports from sub centers, he is unable to take decisions regarding employees and their salary, promotions, meetings, daily schedules, scheduled projects, customer details etc. Drawbacks: Doesnt provide effective co-ordination between different branches Doesnt provide role based security for the data Generating different kinds of reports becomes more complex Doesnt provide effective communication for our employees with in the company Doesnt allow the administrator to monitor overall activities of the company. These drawbacks of the existing system leads to the present web based application called Enterprise Collaboration Tool. There by the management is now relieved from all tensions from which they faced previously. Proposed System The proposed system is a software solution for the existing system. It is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework which provides good co-ordination between our branches and allows the administrator to effectively track activities of the company. It features a scheduler, Worklog, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Advantages: Provides effective co-ordination between different branches regarding work schedules through scheduler and worklog facilities. Improves the quality in planning and managing works Generating different reports will be very easy Provides a facility for the administrator to track overall activities of the company Provides good communication channel for the employees to interact with in the company Provides upload and download facilities to share the documents Provides a facility to collect the feedback from the employees Provides a facility for the employees to maintain the contacts in their address book. Feasibility Steady Feasibility steady is an important phase in the software development process. It enables the developer to have an assessment of the product being developed. It refers to the feasibility study of the product in terms of out comes of the product, operational use and technical support required for implementing it. Feasibility study should be performed on the basis of various criteria and parameters. The various feasibility studies are: Economic Feasibility Operational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility: It refers to the benefits or outcomes we are deriving from the product as compared to the total cost we are spending for developing the product. If the benefits are more or less the same as the older system, then it is not feasible to develop the product. In this product if we have developed this application then the amount of time spent in preparing the schedules, sending it different branches and monitor the work will be reduced which indirectly increases the production for the company. Operational Feasibility: It refers to the feasibility of the product to be operational. Some products may work very well at design and implementation but may fail in the real time environment. It includes the study of additional human resource required and their technical expertise. This application will also work in any environment with out any problems since we are implementing this project in java language. Technical Feasibility: It refers to whether the software that is available in the market fully supports the present application. It studies the pros and cons of using a particular software for the development and its feasibility. It also studies the additional training needed to be given to the people to make the application work. For this project we need not recruit any additional staff to make use of this application. If we train our staff for one hour then it will be enough to work with application. Since this application uses the softwares which are already used by the company so that the company need not purchase new software to run this project. Software and Hardware Requirements: HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Pentium IV processes architecture 1. 512 MB RAM. 2. 160 GB Hard Disk Space. 3. Ethernet card. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Database : Oracle 10g XE Web Server : Apache Tomcat 5.0 Front end : JSP / Servlets, J2SDK 1.5, HTML, Java Script Functional Requirements Non Functional Requirements: Functional Requirements The main purpose of functional requirements within the requirement specification document is to define all the activities or operations that take place in the system. These are derived through interactions with the users of the system. Since the Requirements Specification is a comprehensive document contains a lot of data, it has been broken down into different Chapters in this report. But the general Functional Requirements arrived at the end of the interaction with the Users are listed below. A more detailed discussion is presented in the Chapters, which talk about the Analysis Design of the system. The system holds the details of the employees and their braches. It holds the schedules of different employees of the company. It holds the details of all works done by the employees. The system allows the administrator to manage different users. It also allows the administrator to prepare the schedules and assigns them to different employees. It allows the administrator to post the meeting details which will be displayed for all the employees. It allows the employees to store the customer contacts in their address book. It allows the administrator and employees to share the documents using upload and download facilities. It allows the employees to post their feedback It allows the administrator to view customer feedbacks. It allows the administrator to broadcast the news information It allows the employees to send a message to other employees or a group of employees at once. It allows the administrator to view work pending report NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: The non-functional requirements consist of Constraints. Guidelines. Constraints These are the requirements that are not directly related to the functionality of the system. These should be considered as mandatory when the system is developed. The following Constraints were arrived at for the system: The system should be available over the intranet so that the Users like the administrator employees can use the system from their respective locations which could be with in the company. For gaining entry into the system the employees should be registered by the administrator and should be able use login passwords for gaining access to the system. The users should be able to change their passwords for increased security. The system should be easy to understand and organized in a structured way. The users should also receive appropriate messages about any errors that occur. There should be no limitation about the hardware platform that is to be used to run the system. Data integrity should be maintained if an error occurs or the whole system comes down. Guidelines We have discussed mandatory requirements in the previous section. The requirements in this section should be taken as suggestions they should be thought of as recommendations to further enhance the usability of the system. The system should display a menu for users to choose from. The system should display users requests in a reasonable time. Services of the system should be available 24 hours a day. The system should be designed in such a way that it is easy to enhance it with more functionality. It should be scalable easily maintainable. Execution Methodology Methodology The different phases of the implementation of the project here is Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications Phase 3 Design and Development Phase 4 Testing Debugging Phase 5 Implementation Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Business Process Requirements analysis is the phase when the relevant business area is studied in detail. This process brings out the gaps between the existing systems and identifies the areas where the business operations should be modified, keeping in view the way it needs to be carried out to encounter the problems during this phase the required documents are prepared defining the existing and required setup for the project Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications The information about the requirements is collected which contains the information about the current user system and the proposed system as seen from the user perspective. At the end of this phase a detailed requirement specification document is prepared and approved. Phase 3 Design and Development In this phase the framework for the design of the proposed product is designed to meet the requirements specifications documented. The product is developed as per the framework to meet the objectives of the system requirement specifications approved. Phase 4 Testing Debugging This phase contains the preparation of test cases and the standards of testing. The end users using the dummy User Ids carry out the testing. Phase 5 Implementation The project enters the implementation phase when the product is ready to be implemented/piloted on the production environment and after thorough training to all the end users the product is implemented Project Estimates The estimated time lines for completing the implementation of the application identified and its approach is enumerated as below Phase Duration in weeks 1 Business Process Req.Analysis 2 System Requirements Specifications 3 Design and Development 4 Testing Debugging 5 Implementation Dubious use of the System If the user is deliberately going to handle the system improperly, like he can enter incorrect time/out or he may submit wrong worklog or feedback. The System is to be further developed to countercheck the employees entries with that of the local authorities. System Design: Logical Design Design for WebApps encompasses technical and non-technical activities. The look and feel of content is developed as part of graphic design; the aesthetic layout of the user interface is created as part of interface design; and the technical structure of the WebApp is modeled as part of architectural and navigational design. Dix argues that a Web engineer must design an interface so that it answers three primary questions for the end-user; Where am I? The interface should (1) provide an indication of the WebApp has been accessed and (2) inform the user of her location in the content. What can I do now? The interface should always help the user understand his current options- what functions are available, what links are live, what content is relevant. Where have I been; where am I going? The interface must facilitate navigation. Hence it must provide a â€Å"map† of where the user has been and what paths may be taken to move else where in the WebApp. Design goals- the following are the design goals that are applicable to virtually every WebApp regardless of application domain, size, or complexity. Simplicity Consistency Identity Visual appeal Compatibility. Design leads to a model that contains the appropriate mix of aesthetics, content, and technology. The mix will vary depending upon the nature of the WebApp, and as a consequence the design activities that are emphasized will also vary. The activities of the Design process; 1. Interface design-describes the structure and organization of the user interface. Includes a representation of screen layout, a definition of the modes of interaction, and a description of navigation mechanisms. Interface Control mechanisms- to implement navigation options, the designer selects form one of a number of interaction mechanism; a. Navigation menus b. Graphic icons c. Graphic images Interface Design work flow- the work flow begins with the identification of user, task, and environmental requirements. Once user tasks have been identified, user scenarios are created and analyzed to define a set of interface objects and actions. 2. Aesthetic design-also called graphic design, describes the â€Å"look and feel† of the WebApp. Includes color schemes, geometric layout. Text size, font and placement, the use of graphics, and related aesthetic decisions. 3. Content design-defines the layout, structure, and outline for all content that is presented as part of the WebApp. Establishes the relationships between content objects. 4. Navigation design-represents the navigational flow between contents objects and for all WebApp functions. 5. Architecture design-identifies the overall hypermedia structure for the WebApp. Architecture design is tied to the goals establish for a WebApp, the content to be presented, the users who will visit, and the navigation philosophy that has been established. a. Content architecture, focuses on the manner in which content objects and structured for presentation and navigation. b. WebApp architecture, addresses the manner in which the application is structure to manage user interaction, handle internal processing tasks, effect navigation, and present content. WebApp architecture is defined within the context of the development environment in which the application is to be implemented. J2EE uses MVC architecture; 6. Component design-develops the detailed processing logic required to implement functional components. Modules: Scheduler Work Log Module: User Management Branch Management Module: Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): Address Book Feedback Module: Reports Scheduler Work Log Module: This module helps in preparing the work schedules and monitors work simply by sitting at the main branch. It provides user friendly screens which include calendars to select the date. Once the administrator has added the work to the schedule then it will displayed to all the employees in all the branches. It will be easy for an employee now to know his work schedule, complete it and intimate it to the administrator by entering the work details in the work log so that the administrator can monitor easily. User Management Branch Management Module: This module helps the administrator to add new branch details to the database, edit the existing branch details and delete the branch. It also provides a facility to the administrator to add the employee details and create the logins for the required employees, edit the user details and the delete the user information from the database. Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): This module provides a facility to the employees to communicate each other very easily by sending the messaged in this application. The messages provides options to send a message to another employee, view the message list, open a message a message, delete a message and send a message to all the employees in a group at a time. This module provides a facility to the employees to know the details of the meetings which are going to be conducted just by clicking view meeting details option in meetings link. The users can also post the meetings details at any point of time. This module provides a facility to the employees to send the notices prepared by one branch to another branch then these people can upload the notice document and that will be downloaded by another branch people. It is just like sharing the documents across the branches. This module helps the administrator to post the news details which will be displayed to all the users when ever they logged in. Address Book Feedback Module: This module provides a facility to the employees to store their individual contact details in the address book. It allows us to add, edit and delete the contact details in the address book. This module helps the users to post their feedback about a policy which was implemented by company from online and allows the administrator to view the feedbacks posted by all the employees. Reports: This module allows the administrator to view different kinds of reports according to his requirement. It generates the reports based on employees, employee work report, groups reports and employee report. Physical Design UML Diagrams Data Dictionary Data Modeling Overview A data model is a conceptual representation of the data structures that are required by a database. The data structures include the data objects, the associations between data objects, and the rules which govern operations on the objects. As the name implies, the data model focuses on what data is required and how it should be organized rather than what operations will be performed on the data. To use a common analogy, the data model is equivalent to an architects building plans. A data model is independent of hardware or software constraints. Rather than try to represent the data, as a database would see it, the data model focuses on representing the data as the user sees it in the real world. It serves as a bridge between the concepts that make up real-world events and processes and the physical representation of those concepts in a database. Methodology There are two major methodologies used to create a data model: the Entity-Relationship (ER) approach and the Object Model. Data Modeling In the Context of Database Design Database design is defined as: design the logical and physical structure of one or more databases to accommodate the information needs of the users in an organization for a defined set of applications. The design process roughly follows five steps: planning and analysis conceptual design Logical design Physical design implementation The data model is one part of the conceptual design process. The other, typically is the functional model. The data model focuses on what data should be stored in the database while the functional model deals with how the data is processed. To put this in the context of the relational database, the data model is used to design the relational tables. The functional model is used to design the queries, which will access and perform operations on those tables. Components of a Data Model The data model gets its inputs from the planning and analysis stage. Here the modeler, along with analysts, collects information about the requirements of the database by reviewing existing documentation and interviewing end-users. The data model has two outputs. The first is an entity-relationship diagram which represents the data structures in a pictorial form. Because the diagram is easily learned, it is valuable tool to communicate the model to the end-user. The second component is a data document. This is a document that describes in detail the data objects, relationships, and rules required by the database. The dictionary provides the detail required by the database developer to construct the physical database. Why is Data Modeling Important? Data modeling is probably the most labor intensive and time consuming part of the development process. Why bother especially if you are pressed for time? A common response by practitioners who write on the subject is that you should no more build a database without a model than you should build a house without blueprints. The goal of the data model is to make sure that the all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be reviewed and verified as correct by the end-users. The data model is also detailed enough to be used by the database developers to use as a blueprint for building the physical database. The information contained in the data model will be used to define the relational tables, primary and foreign keys, stored procedures, and triggers. A poorly designed database will require more time in the long-term. Without careful planning you may create a database that omits data required to create critical reports, produces results that are incorrect or inconsistent, and is unable to accommodate changes in the users requirements. Summary A data model is a plan for building a database. To be effective, it must be simple enough to communicate to the end user the data structure required by the database yet detailed enough for the database design to use to create the physical structure. 1) Table Name: LOGIN_TWM NAME DATA TYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 PASSWORD VARCHAR 10 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 10 ADDRESS VARCHAR 40 PHONE NUMBER 15 MAILID VARCHAR 25 GROUPID VARCHAR 8 CREATED_DATE_TIME DATE LASTUSED_DATE_TIME DATE BNAME VARCHAR 15 2) Table Name: LOGINOUT_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 L_DATE DATE 3) Table Name: MESSAGES_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY SENDERID VARCHAR 15 RECEIVERID VARCHAR 15 M_DATE DATE SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 MESSAGE VARCHAR 50 4) Table Name: GROUPS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 GROUPNAME VARCHAR 15 5) Table Name: GROUPUSERS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 USERID VARCHAR 15 6) Table Name: MEETINGS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE M_TIME VARCHAR 10 PURPOSE VARCHAR 20 AGENDA VARCHAR 50 CONCLUSIONS VARCHAR 50 7) Table Name: SCHEDULAR_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 15 S_DATE VARCHAR 25 SCHEDULE VARCHAR 50 8) Table Name: ADDRESSBOOK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY LOGINID VARCHAR 25 USERID VARCHAR 25 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 15 ADDRESS VARCHAR 45 PHONENO NUMBER 15 OFFICEADD VARHCAR 45 OFFICEPHONE NUMBER 15 9) Table Name: WORKLOG_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 10 W_DATE DATE SLOTTIME VARCHAR 15 TASKS VARCHAR 45 10) Table Name: FEEDBACK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY W_DATE DATE L_TIME VARCHAR 8 SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 COMMENTS VARCHAR 45 11) Table Name: NEWS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE NEWS VARCHAR 49 12) Table Name: NOTICEBOARD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 15 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 13) Table Name: DOWNLOAD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 45 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 14) Table Name: BRANCH_TWM NMAE DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY BRANCH_CODE VARCHAR 15 BRANCH_NAME VARCHAR 25 E-R Diagram Technological Requirements: HTML HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based

Television Violence Essay -- essays research papers fc

Television Violence Television violence is a negative message of reality to the children who see it. There is an excessive amount of violence being watched in millions of people’s homes every day, and this contributes to the growing amount of violent crimes that are being committed in our communities. This cycle of more and more sex and violence being portrayed as reality on television will not stop until something is done. Not one parent that I know wants his or her children watching people getting blown away and thrown off cliffs. But the reality of it is that parents cannot be there 24 hours a day to monitor what their children are watching. In fact the television is often used as a baby-sitter, so that the parent can do housework, have an adult conversation, or just relax after work. The types of people who are the most likely to be harmed by the surplus of violence on TV are children. Ed Donnerstein stated in the February 15, 1996 edition of the Boston Globe the following: Violence turns out to do a lot of harm when it looks harmless. One of these lessons children learn watching television is that there are few consequences to the person who commits violence – or to the victim. Add to this ‘positive’ portrayal of negative behavior the fact that children’s programs were least likely to show the bad effects of violence and most likely to make it funny" (Goodman pg. 23). We are showing children that violence is humorous and it can’t do harm. A researcher by the name of Meltzoff studied learning in infants. He concluded that babies start to learn even before birth. A study by Meltzoff demonstrated observational learning in 14-month-olds. After watching an adult on television handling "a novel toy in a particular way," the babies were able to imitate the behavior when presented with the toy 24 hours later (Wood pg.292). This study indicates that babies learn imitation very early in life. This is why parents should be more particular with what they allow their susceptible children to view on TV. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, television show for children, is a very good example of how violence on TV can affect our children. It is one of the highest rated kids television shows today. The Power Rangers are everywhere, on everything, from lunch boxes to boxer shorts. And kids want it all. This creates a bind f... ...e. We are getting more and more information and on the effects of television violence. All of these findings have produced an increasing awareness of the basic problem and of the need for change. We know excessive viewing of television violence is harmful to the viewer. It is time we take a solid stand on the issue and tell the producers of these shows that we don’t want them. Bibliography Comstock, George. Television and the American Child. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc., 1991. Elber, Lynn. "Getting to the Heart of TV Violence". Boston Globe, 20 September 1995: Page 84. Goodman, Ellen. "How to Zap Violence on TV". Boston Globe, 15 February 1996: Page 23. Hohler, Bob. "Christopher Reeve Argues Against Federal Censorship of TV, Urges Hollywood to Adopt Own Rules". Boston Globe, 24 February 1994: Page 11. Jackson, Derrick. "A G-chip, Not a V-chip". Boston Globe, 6 March 1996: Page 15. Meltz, Barbara. "Beware Rangers’ Mixed Messages, Sidebar I: How Parents Can Become Involved, Sidebar II: Share Your Holiday Strategies". Boston Globe, 1 December 1994: Page A1. Wood, Samuel. The World of Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996. Television Violence Essay -- essays research papers fc Television Violence Television violence is a negative message of reality to the children who see it. There is an excessive amount of violence being watched in millions of people’s homes every day, and this contributes to the growing amount of violent crimes that are being committed in our communities. This cycle of more and more sex and violence being portrayed as reality on television will not stop until something is done. Not one parent that I know wants his or her children watching people getting blown away and thrown off cliffs. But the reality of it is that parents cannot be there 24 hours a day to monitor what their children are watching. In fact the television is often used as a baby-sitter, so that the parent can do housework, have an adult conversation, or just relax after work. The types of people who are the most likely to be harmed by the surplus of violence on TV are children. Ed Donnerstein stated in the February 15, 1996 edition of the Boston Globe the following: Violence turns out to do a lot of harm when it looks harmless. One of these lessons children learn watching television is that there are few consequences to the person who commits violence – or to the victim. Add to this ‘positive’ portrayal of negative behavior the fact that children’s programs were least likely to show the bad effects of violence and most likely to make it funny" (Goodman pg. 23). We are showing children that violence is humorous and it can’t do harm. A researcher by the name of Meltzoff studied learning in infants. He concluded that babies start to learn even before birth. A study by Meltzoff demonstrated observational learning in 14-month-olds. After watching an adult on television handling "a novel toy in a particular way," the babies were able to imitate the behavior when presented with the toy 24 hours later (Wood pg.292). This study indicates that babies learn imitation very early in life. This is why parents should be more particular with what they allow their susceptible children to view on TV. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, television show for children, is a very good example of how violence on TV can affect our children. It is one of the highest rated kids television shows today. The Power Rangers are everywhere, on everything, from lunch boxes to boxer shorts. And kids want it all. This creates a bind f... ...e. We are getting more and more information and on the effects of television violence. All of these findings have produced an increasing awareness of the basic problem and of the need for change. We know excessive viewing of television violence is harmful to the viewer. It is time we take a solid stand on the issue and tell the producers of these shows that we don’t want them. Bibliography Comstock, George. Television and the American Child. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc., 1991. Elber, Lynn. "Getting to the Heart of TV Violence". Boston Globe, 20 September 1995: Page 84. Goodman, Ellen. "How to Zap Violence on TV". Boston Globe, 15 February 1996: Page 23. Hohler, Bob. "Christopher Reeve Argues Against Federal Censorship of TV, Urges Hollywood to Adopt Own Rules". Boston Globe, 24 February 1994: Page 11. Jackson, Derrick. "A G-chip, Not a V-chip". Boston Globe, 6 March 1996: Page 15. Meltz, Barbara. "Beware Rangers’ Mixed Messages, Sidebar I: How Parents Can Become Involved, Sidebar II: Share Your Holiday Strategies". Boston Globe, 1 December 1994: Page A1. Wood, Samuel. The World of Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996.

Culture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music Essay -- Music C

Culture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music I have recently been listening to a lot of Motown music and even jazz. I have never before explored music in the extent that I have done this semester. I always thought of myself as â€Å"cultured† but this semester, I’ve begun to realize there are more areas of music that I have not explored than those which I have. And as I explore culture and cross-cultural linkages in our music, I realize how much one generation’s music ‘speaks’ to the next. Currently, the song I am intrigued by is â€Å"Strange Fruit† by Billie Holiday. This song is very moving. When Billie Holiday sings, you MUST listen. However, this song, unlike most of her other music, is not about love. It is not about solitary living. It is not about heartbreaking, selfish lovers. This song is a social outcry against injustices done in the South. During the time she sang this song, lynching was common among Southerners adhering to the Jim Crow laws. Black men were beaten, hung, and caught on fire. Oftentimes, rape is the ‘crime,’ even when no rape ...

Innovation of Ipad

IS THE IPAD A DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Technology has been moved towards advancement day after day bringing new and improved devices and system. People are always on the verge of inventing something new and exciting. About a decade ago, mobile phone was rarely used by people but now everyone has a smartphone with all the possible gadgets in it like camera, video player, internet and more. Talking about disruptive technology which almost replaced any other company in new innovation was Apple. Apple launched iPhone which was one of the major successes in disruptive technology because it provided every bit of comfort to its user while using it.When apple launched ipad in 2010 there was a huge marketing and hype about its new innovated technology in the market. It was 10 inch tablet which runs on IOS (iphone operating system) as any other apple product. The ipad only runs apps from the Apple App Store. There are thousands of these applications available in the iTunes from movies, songs, ga mes and more. The ipad is not a necessity like the smartphone which do have the same gadget however it improves the quality of life of its users.Ipad has been used by the first author in two units offered by the Department of Statistics at Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia): a second-year Introduction to Probability unit (PROB) and a masters-level unit Mathematical Background for Biostatistics (BCA), delivered through the Biostatistics Consortium of Australia (Simpson, 2009). The use of technology, particularly the use of ipad, has supported a different mode of teaching in these two units that takes account of the general needs of the students and it enables students to be responsive to their individual requests.The ipad has been used as a way to involve, and motivate students through high-level presentation and communication tools. It has changed the approach in learning, experience simpler and deeper. Students will now experience the most amazing textbooks they’ve eve r read through the means of ipad because it provides with the images and dictionary one tap away to find the meaning of any word. This facilitates the user to become more relax while reading through ipad. Talking about the market that ipad is looking to compete is kindle. A kindle is a device just like ipad but smaller than ipad.Kindle is specially design only for reading purposes. It is dark ink display which enables user to study freely in the sunlight without any hesitation unlike ipad. Ipad is more likely a multi-purpose device which is used for almost everything that we need. It is easy to study at night rather at day because of its multi-colour display. But after apple launched the new ipad it has been solidified its presence on the e-reader device market, a market that has been previously been the dominated by Amazon, with its Kindle, and Barnes and Noble.Those devices are especially dedicated to e-book readers, while the new ipad series is an e-book reader in along with its various features, such as web browsing, multimedia, and support. But that flexibility doesn't make ipad a better product than kindle. Sometimes device that can do only one thing can be way more interesting than a multi-purpose device. The smallest, lightest, least expensive, easiest for reading purposes are the black-and-white e-book readers. If user wants only a reading tablet device it is to say the kindle is the favourite excluding the joy of watching videos and images.Each company offers varieties of models which gets the best lighting conditions. The one you want is the Kindle Paper White, whose brilliance is more pleasant than the equivalent any other device out on the market With plain, no-touch, no-light Kindles, with the ads on the screen saver, are quite cheaper but the light and the touch-screen are really worth having. One of the important parts in the learning experience is when a student does not understand a topic or a step in an exercise. The easiest way to help him or her is to go through the question using written words.With the introduction of the ipad into the teaching method, written answers can be incomplete to some cases when they are applicable and an answer to a student’s question can be produced in the form of a video lecture particular to the topic or exercise. The learning module of distance students has now been completely changed. If they cannot solve a problem or face any problem with the subject material by themselves, there is a new possible way by dedicating video by the tutorial/lecturer that shows every step of the problem and solution.This format is particularly important and has been successful. Written solutions are the same as the textbook and are often unable to provide the student with a new approach on solving the problem. It is common that a lecturer’s first response to a question is not enough and students ask for more visions. A video is different because it allows the student go through every step of the explanation in a more verbal way and probes asking for further explanation after such a mini video lecture are unusual.

Othello Act 5, Scene 2 Lines #338-356 Essay

Within Act 5, Scene 2 of the Shakespearian play Othello, Lodovico tells Othello he is to lose command and Cassio will become the governor of Cyrpus instead. Subsequently, Othello is to be held prison and will await trial. It is from this point in the play that Othello protests his great service to Venice. From lines 338 to 356, Othello states his final speech before ultimately taking his own life. Here, Othello expresses his grief over what he has done feeling a strong sense of sin in his actions. His ego is still intact however as he mentions that he has done a great deed to the state despite the overshadowing for his act. Othello reaffirms his position as a figure who is simultaneously included and excluded from Venetian Society. Apparent in his final statement, he uses contradictions to explain his mental state before and after the manipulation of Iago. Another aspect revealed is the extent to which his sins have affected him and how he longs for the battles that helped him woo Desdemona’s love through his heroic stories. Despite having done his services to the state, he reveals his foolishness as someone who existed within and outside Venetian society giving rise to a series of contradictions. In line 342, he asks others to speak of him as he truly is being, â€Å"nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice. † The first contradictory sentence reveals that he does not wish for his guilt to be lessened as suggested by the diction â€Å"extenuate. † Nor does he want be considered evil which he would feel ashamed for as Iago is the real villain in the play. Othello reveals in the next line that he has â€Å"loved not wisely, but too well† indicating that he was unable to convey the same amount of affection back to Desdemona as she had done to him. Othello’s love for Desdemona reveals a sensitive part of Othello despite his military background. It was Othello’s love for Desdemona, however, that acted as a catalyst to which Iago manipulated and used to his advantage. In the next contradictory statement, Othello states that he was â€Å"not easily jealous, but, being wrought. † Othello is referring to his previous assessment of Desdemona’s relation with Cassio where he told Iago that he had nothing to fear and thus would not become jealous. However, the audience knows that this is no longer the situation as the â€Å"honest† Iago made Othello into a pawn of a greater game. Othello comments on his how he won the affection of Desdemona enchanting her through his heroic tales. Othello mentions the â€Å"Arabian trees Their medicinal gum† and â€Å"Aleppo† which were elements in his heroic tale. He cherishes his memories of when he spoke of such places to Desdemona further emphasizing his love for her. It is evident that no medicine in the world can cure him of his agony and torture referring to the medicinal properties of the â€Å"Arabian Trees. † However, the burden of his sins become overwhelming referring to a â€Å"base Judean, threw a pearl away. † This quotation suggests that he has angered the heavens and makes a religious reference to the betrayal of sacrifice of Jesus. Similar to the betrayel of Jesus, he has betrayed Desdemona’s pure qualities and love. There is irony involved because he killed Desdemona who had the qualities of a Saint who was always willing to forgive Othello for his actions. This trait was emphasized previously in the play where Desdemona wished for the heavens to forgive Othello and send him to Purgatory rather than hell so that he may repent for his sins. Despite Othello’s pains and cries, he briefly manages to calm himself thus regaining his dignity that gave rise to his higher state of power in Venice. This indicates that his ego is still intact and has not been completely shattered as he works the persistence reveal his innermost feelings of being an outsider. He mentions â€Å"Aleppo† which is translated as a significant staging post for trade between Europe and the East where it was said that the punishment there should a Christian strike a Turk was immediate death. Othello make this reference because he feels that he has been an outcast of Venetian society despite his title. He feel that he has been struck to death in comparison to Christian who struck a Turk. Considering the severity of the punishment, it is evident that this is not small matter, but rather a serious one with racial discrimination. While in the act of killing himself, he alludes to the metaphor of the killing of a Turk. He acknowledges that he will forever be an outsider. In summation, Othello’s final remark has allowed him to personally reflect his actions and to reveal to the audience his remorseful feelings. While establishing the difference between one who was included and exclude in Venetian society, he makes his final act of martyrdom. The only opponent left for him to conquer becomes himself.